I submit to the reader
that while he may or may not have heard the word Communitarianism or
heard it voiced as a political philosophy, by reading this article up
to paragraph three he will find that he was already familiar with the
stink of its intellectual pollution, and now knows that to call
it. If you have already heard of Communitarianism, this article
will suit you as well.
The prime smokestack for Communitarianism is Norton Garfinkle (at
George Washington University Institute for Communitarian Policy
Studies) who was of course educated at Columbia University. He is
a darling of News Hour (via Yale), Bloomberg and NPR. He
frequently teams up with other New School for Social Research
(Greenwich Village) experts and others from the Brookings Institution
and American Enterprise Institute. Garfinkle is also Chairman of
the Executive Committee of the Lamaze Institute for Family Education,
showing his need to be a meddling middleman in the human condition from
the fetal stage up to the world political stage, telling people
everything from how to breathe to how to participate in civilization.
The dubious Communitarian mission is to "build the good society based upon
the core values of the American people as defined by the Declaration of
Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights."
That should strike the reader as an weak alloy of Platonism and
Americanism. One should, if he has his wits, also be struck by
the thought that the phrase "The Good Society" must have been ripped
off
from somewhere. Here:
"The focus of The
Good Society is on the institutions of America, or on the patterned way
in which Americans live their lives together, and how they can be used
and altered to encourage a better way of life." That is a quote
from The Good Society.
(Bellah, Madsen, Sullivan, Swidler, and Tipton). It oozes
long-winded neo-Marxist sociology. It smacks of Things to Come. One might
also think of the weirdos at Johns Hopkins University.
It is a no-brainer to say that "The Good Society" is a critical meme
which quickly segues into economic and specifically socio-economic
criticism, and more specifically Platonist Utopianism and the belief
that modern civilization must be changed radically in line with a
Marxist-Spartan hybrid. In keeping with Platonist Utopianism two
things must be conserved: 1) Fantasy must take precedence over reality,
2) Philosophers must be tyrannical idea-idiot kings ex machina.
Communitarians as hermaphrodites meld the masculine and the feminine
desires, one, to insert something (in this case 'community') into all
politics, and two, to harmonously resolve, albeit irrationally
individualism and the needs of mother hen to ensure the safety of the
brood. I will elaborate on this more, but the shorthand analysis is
that Communitarians want to insert New Marxism everywhere and
syncretize Capitalism and Communism along a post-Cold War Henry
Kissenger / Armand Hammer / George Soros vector. For the
politically ignorant, that means combining Capitalism and Communism
with Social Engineering and using large wealth to manipulate economic
systems and media via think-tanks and large trusts. These are
bodies resembling Corporations.
Communitarianism is not a "growing trend." It is, however a big
trend and it is powerful. It is a fringe political philosophy
repackaged from Converso Lutheranism, Schachtmanism and Sorbonne and
London School of Economics thinking, all of which are equally piped
into Columbia University, the school most always often to blame for
anything stupid of this nature.
In a way, the thinking is not divorced from the ideas of Ernst Mach, as
illustrated by the quote:
"Neither human
existence nor individual liberty can be sustained for
long outside the interdependent and overlapping communities to which
all of us belong. [sic] The exclusive pursuit of private interest
erodes the network of social environments on which we all depend, and
is destructive to our shared experiment in democratic self-government."
(Amitai Etzioni)
Thus do Communitarians found their premise on the idea that communal
(e.g. tribal) systems cannot long persist in an environment of strong
egoism. There they depart from what is a potentially sound point
onto an interminable ray which procedes toward engineering a maximally
communal environment, proceeding well beyond what is optimal into what
becomes Oligarchic Collectivism. (Orwellian) In their case, the
collective (group will) of the oligarchy (small body of rulers) is the
combined directives and priorities of unelected persons and committees
in the universities, councils, and networks that have accumulated
maximum wealth, PhDs, and political power.
Rather than resembling a meritocratic dictatorship, it resembles
"burrowing from within." One professor here writes a revisionist analysis
of the Founding Fathers along Communitarian principles, another
economist there features
repeatedly on PBS, confusing the public on the state of the economy and
the secret devaluation of US currency, yet another industrial magnate way over there helps China
prosecute internet users or causes a cascade of British currency
dumping.
Amitai Etzioni, Garfinkel's intellectual influence and contemporary,
real name is Werner Falk. He is an Israeli-American sociologist
and a founder of the communitarian movement in the early 1990s. He is
principally responsible (that means to blame) for the Unamerican
neo-conservative garbage that "we
have to balance rights and responsibilities and autonomy and order."
Most of these stupid ideas originate in individual men who can be
identified and challenged.
Etzioni/Falk was educated at Hebrew University, and the association I
would like to make here is Wolf Blitzer aka Ze'ev Barak, e.g. Johns
Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, Hebrew
University, AIPAC, pseudonymous works, aliases, and
Jabotinskyites. In short, Amitai Etzioni falls squarely within
the matrix of Cultural Criticism described by Kevin Macdonald, that is
jew-dominated works of gentile-critical academic dishonesty. Oooh! Bad words!
The aforementioned does not form the whole fabric of Oligarchic
Collectivism as embodied by Communitarianism, but it is gigantic
subcomponent. If we were to fixate not on Jews but rather on
totalitarians, the same names would pop up in the membership
roster. Another way of saying this is that the specific
totalitarian aims of Communitarians, disguised as fighting the tyranny
of capital and the advocacy of civic duty, are more than coincidentally
tied to a small cabal of semitic soccer moms. Communitarianism,
which falls under the category of "Third Way Radical Centrism" is not
therefore an objectively true, wild west, come one come all,
unmonopolized idea-store or infoshop in the allegedly free market of
ideas. It is an intellectual club with agencies, promoters,
venues, and contacts.
I revoked my end of high-school proclamation that "I am a Radical
Centrist" (next stop after "non-leap of faith existentialist") when I
heard the likes of Tony Blair proclaim the same, and discovered that he
is financed by the Christian Socialist Democrats. (I am neither a
Christian nor a Socialist). I encourage people like myself as I
was coming out of high-school and entering college to find a different
name for ourselves.
Etzioni/Falk's ideas represent the continuation of the ideas of Martin
Buber which are the continuation of Kantian ethics along a semitic line
of reasoning focused primarily on the remediation of the perceived
social ills of isolation and dehumanization in modernity that result
from criticizing human relations along a purely analytical, materialist
line. I was exposed to this opinion by proponents of Albert Camus and
New Criticism in high school. In other words, Buber is backpedalling on
Logical Positivism according to Kantian ethical criteria.
For midlevel dummies, that
means a personal European Jewish crisis of social fission leads to
Buber's reading of Kant, Kirkegaarde and Nietzsche.
For extreme dummies, that
means replacing conventional Judaism with a return to the basic idea of
good and evil, a universal belief in what constitutes good and evil, a
small backlash against materialism, a rejection of Christianity but an
embrace of secular Judaism, and an attempt to harmonize absolutism with
relativism. To this one adds, Zionism and cultural criticism and
builds one's way up to Middle Path radicalism, e.g. a groupthink
tyranny of Myers-Briggs type ISFJs or Ethical Sensory Introverts.
Etzioni/Falk was also a professor at Columbia for two decades and a
member of Brookings Institution. His official title is Director
of the Institute for Communitarian Policy Studies at George Washington
University. He is a grand pisseur of Communitarian works, critical of
the Patriot Act, but importantly, NOT CRITICAL from outside the position of
Schachtmanism or Oligarchic Collectivism. He is like
Goldstein. Reread 1984.
The European version of this kind of organization, The Social Capital
Foundation (SCF) in Brussels originates with Jane Jacobs, and thus
again Columbia University. SCF also originates with Pierre Bourdieu,
therefore the fusion of the ideas of Ludwig Wittgenstein with Karl Marx
and Max Weber; thus 1) a heavily starched crypto Jewish logical
harangue which conserves relativism 2) meets the desire to erode
capital and is 3) morally excused by the monopoly on the legitimate use
of force. The misapplication of all these ideas would be defended
by "the community" ostensibly on the expertise of the Tin Man by virtue
of his enormously large heart, the Scarecrow by virtue of his
intelligence, and the Lion by virtue of his Courage. (Baum)
Etzioni/Falk is responsible for the continuation of the Clean Break
Strategy for Securing the Realm (mineral extraction and assassination)
by transposing it from a moralist democratizing
mission into a moralist communitarian
misson described as the protection of "the" community from
violence. Thereby do his criticisms of the Patriot Act and the
Mideast War not issue from a position outside the Clean Break Strategy
but rather are an attempt from within
to soften and massage the same strategy into a collectivist
consensus.
You would find these opinions in an organ such as The Washington Post,
extolling the "please bear
with their form of democracy as they transition" editorial
plea. Etzioni/Falk's target human silly putty and primary
outreach victim is the "Illiberal Moderate" e.g. Radical Centrists
drawn from every single fanatical base, who can agree at least upon
Communitarian principles such as "I don't want to die, I need a job,
and I don't want to be religiously persecuted." Yet this in principle rational political
philosophy non-coincidentally finds itself in support of the American
Enterprise institute, AIPAC, Zionism, national ID cards, and digital
surveillance, aiming to radically manipulate and alter both Muslim
Ummah life and American Commonwealth life in accordance with the will
of a small group of people who issue books with spooky titles like: The Perversion of Autonomy: The
Proper Uses of Coercion and Constraints in a Liberal Society.
(Gaylin, Jennings)
Returning to Communitarians and The Institute itself, they propose to
be for a number of certain things including "strengthening Marriage" by
making it more "peer-based" and "child-centered" and "fostering a [two
parent] family-friendly environment" In principle, very modern, good,
sensible stuff including welfare reform, flex-time, and family leave.
In practice, The Institute
endorses tax coercion, shaking more state controlled child support
extractions out of "deadbeat dads," increased IRS wage docking, and
hijacking the "family values" platform to construe it to mean market
control and managed economy. They endorse church and state
mandated prerequisite social
education courses and sensitivity
training for soon to be married couples.
As stated in "The Communitarian Position Paper on The Family," the
Communitarians want to "put
an end to premature sexualization" which largely means putting
an end to gentile standards of beauty for women, and the egoistic
self-indulgence of sexual enjoyment, an idea that everyone from The
Catholic Church to Sigmund Freud has tried desperately to throttle, but
in this case particularly offends hairy women with crooked faces.
"All sexual
education efforts must stress personal and social responsibility."
Note how condoms take precedence over romance. Note how this differs
subtly from the idea that sex is primarily enjoyable but requires a few
caveats and precautions. Then note how the Communitarian position
on sex MERELY differs subtly from the Junior Anti-Sex League and the
Abstinence Only factions' idea that sex
is evil, and even deadly to The Community.
The Communitarians seek to remedy this by brainwashing children through
their PBS cartoons:
This message should
be reinforced or at the very least not
underminedby media targeted to children and teenagers. Rather than
accepting the cynical evasion of the 1990 National Children's
Television Act that has characterized the response of all too many
broadcasters, the next administration should fully enforce its letter
and spirit.
Thus will your 3 year old children not only be taught to embrace
Spanish with Maya and Miguel, to avoid excessive literacy and embrace
autism with Elmo, and to watch the
hypnotic sparkles with the Teletubbies, but also to wear a
condom in kindergarten.
In the Position Paper, Communitarians cite a crisis of faith, a lack of
contemporary heroes, the need for a cultural shift away from "excessive individualism,"
and "our children in peril" from a lack of intense nurture side civic
engineering. How many times have we heard this crap before?
We strongly urge
that all educational institutions, from kindergartens to universities,
recognize and take seriously the grave responsibility to provide moral
education. [sic] The fear that our children will be 'brainwashed'
by a few educators is farfetched.
YAH! Which
morals? What proven track
record? That of denuded but not denatured
Judeo-Christianity: humanism, tolerance, non-violence,
truth-telling, democracy, labor theory of value, and the belief that
what the school instructs as morality is not somehow consensus
totalitarianism and authoritarianism.
These freaks have found a way:
Communitarians
emphasized that it was possible to reintroduce basic
moral education into public school curriculum without violating
church-state separation and without engaging in 'culture wars.'
BULLSHIT. If that were true, then why are people at a think-tank taking great pains to
contrive and insinuate a basic moral education whose current version does not violate
church-state separation? Because they have pissed people
(parents) off in the past.
Because there is no low enough pasteurization point for simmering
bullshit to ensure that the neighborhood's cultural virus is killed
while the kibbutz's cultural virus is preserved. A Sword of
Damocles, the separation of church and state does -and must- cut both
ways.
Imagine: "I worked
in a factory that manufactured high school textbooks. I stole a
piece here, a piece there. When I got them home and assembled them, I
found that the parts made a machine gun."
With regard to community policing: "Communitarians have long stressed
the importance of the community as a powerful 'third force' operating
in the middle terrain between the individual and the government."
Here is the nefarious middle ground where "Community Standards"
manufacture the Third Column dictatorship of blunted edges, quieted
cookouts, and dimmed Christmas Lights. Consider that in China,
"community policing" is used to prevent women from reproducing.
It consists of angry letters slipped under one's door, repeated
knocking, heavy coercion, and finally, a punch in the belly by some old
hag. In the USA, it's notices telling you when you may do your
laundry, wash your car, smoke your cigar, drink your beer, organize an
assembly, or what you may wear or carry on your person. Nine
tenths of all violations of our Bill of Rights occur under
Communitarian legal interpretations (such as community safety or
principles of unity) not fascistic or capitalist pretexts. Like
Wo-Chi-Ca, or Elohim City, the Communitarians have their camp educated
revisionists who garb themselves in the three corner hats of the
Founding Fathers, misreading Universal Brotherhood as telling "The
People" what they can and cannot do, even though each constituent of The People is undeniably A Person.
Communitarians on diversity: "overcoming
racial, ethnic, religious, and cultural differences. Tribalism
and separatism are on the rise."Allegedly on the rise!
Perhaps stimulated reaction
formations of ethnic identity are what is on the rise.
This is another use of the specter of "the growing trend" as a
persuasive advertising tool which necessitates the product Communitarians are
selling. Communitarians have attempted to solve two "dilemmas"
originating in the Soviet breakup of 1989. [1) How to combine
Capitalism and Communism 2) how to combine balkanization and
homogenization] in a way that allows Jews to retain their Jewish
identity in its economic, cultural, and racial priorities while rolling
with the punches of history and assuming some sort of authoritative
position as arbiter or broker of the new managed
consensus. The highest manifestation of this at the time of this
writing is the Bush-Blair-Olmert triangle, PNAC, and a Communitarian
philosophy.
Discarding Israel Zangwill, "Etzioni
argues, [America] is neither a "melting pot" nor a "rainbow," but a
mosaic."Mosaic
is an unfortunate adjective to say the least. America is not an
exercise in Hebrew Cubism.
Communitarians are
also pioneering the study of repentance--official
apologies, public rites of reconciliation, truth-finding commissions,
and other vehicles whereby mutually aggrieved groups can put the wounds
of the past behind them and achieve fresh social harmony.
E.g. The real Oprahfication of civilization, outside of Bill O'Reilly, Jay
Severin, and Westwook One's thought box. Organized catharsis, soft
Left-McCarthyism, Left-right fusion in a radical center,
pseudo-Libertarians, and the deliberate dilution of an overclass of
Prussianized European competitors in America with Mexicans. Pre
WWII Viennese civilization inflicted upon modern Americans. A
deconstruction of race in line with Columbia University and the Boasian
School of Anthropology, with a hope that America can be sufficiently
renormalized into a Monchrome cafe-o-lait colored, Esperanto speaking
population base within 50 years. An ostensibly constructible
utopia where identity politics would become impossible.
Doubtless, it would still be possible for the intellectual deuses ex
machina.
The shorthand view of Communitarian's aims for civil society is to
hijack the PAC, the 501c)3 nonprofit, the doctoral board, the PTA, and
the airwaves and turn them into a hasbara for social manipulation, with
an emphasis of working the bottom:
Generally, no social
task should be assigned to an institution that is
larger than necessary to do the job. What can be done by families,
should not be assigned to an intermediate group--school etc. What can
be done at the local level should not be passed on to the state or
federal level.
Thus can Communitarian activity, male or female, intellectual or
stupid, at the local or tiny level NOT be dismissed or taken as
anything other than a serious concerted effort by larger interest
groups. It is an economic tactic aimed at the heartland
targetting the Illiberal Moderate peons and pressing -mainly their
children- into a foreign social ethic at odds with their current form
of social structuring.
The organization supports candidates like Bush and Gore equally,
especially with respect to Faith-based organizations.
Communitarians support faith based initiatives if the particular Faith
Based Organization (FBO) subserviates to the Communitarian
agenda. Thus, its masterminds assuage their traditional fear of
church-state breach and end run
around other tribal entities by enlisting the FBOs in secularized
cooperative community ventures. They propose the:
key communitarian
principle of subsidiarity--which posits that no unit
of society should perform functions more appropriately performed by a
smaller entity. The neighborhood should not usurp the normal function
of the family; the city the function of the neighborhood; the state the
function of the city; or the federal government the
function of the state.
Thus they work within the sensible confines of limited government while
pursuing an fanatical agenda of civic manipulation. It almost seems
legitimate and innocuous. They reject the strict command economy
of socialism, having learned the lesson of uncut Communism. But
they covet the finance engine of the free market, extolling it's
virtues even while copiously salivating at the idea of what it could be
used for in the name of The Community. The want to de-emphasize
(that means PYU-NISHHH) the common act of getting and spending, and
monkeywrench the profit motive. They are critical of the campaign
finance and bribery, but not in a coherent way that is expressly
critical of specific individuals.
About Radical
Centrism:
It is not invalid to affirm both sides of apparently contradictory
issues, disagreements, or false
dilemmas if there is an included middle. When people try to
synthesize a dialectical middle where there is in fact an excluded
middle or a true dilemma (the
two opinions are mutually exclusive), it is invalid as a False
Compromise.
If people are holding out for a middle, or striving for a middle
between logically diametric views, then they are bound to oscillate
opinions or hold those opinions in a schizophrenic state. Thus
does radical centrism - a group critical of left-right extremism-
foster its own extremists who are irrational, psychotic, or
indecisive. Thus do you find a pairup of Pat Buchanan, Ross
Perot, and Lenora Fulani in a Reform or Independent party, or encounter
a
Republicrat, or much worse, a No/every Platform candidate like Hillary
Clinton.
There is a financial component to Radical Centrism embodied in the fact
that The New America Foundation, run by Ted Halstead promotes and
distributes venue to pundits who author works of real and false
compromise. Thus can you find Fareed Zakaria, Zbigniew Brzezinski, and
Francis Fukuyama's creaming commentary on the front and back of Josef
Joffe's 2006 paperback, Uberpower.
You can find PNAC giving glowing review of a book criticizing American
Imperialism! At The Centrist Party website you
can find an agency simultaneously hyping the careers of Jon Stewart,
Stephen Colbert and Frank Gaffney, Jr,
indicating this is all a slick marketing gimmick, where "everything" in
the country is reformed in a giant community Bread and Circus except
for think-tanks, lobbyists, and media hucksters.
About Third Way
political philosophies:
Some of the most notable and notably stupid Third Way political
philosophies are:
The National
Socialist Green Libertarian Party, USA. No further comment
necessary. The
Troisième Voie, France, attempted in 1985 to
simultaneously oppose communism, capitalism and Zionism. The Unspoken Thing
Collective, Cambridge MA, ostensibly anti-capitalist, and
somehow not communist.
The most notable Third Way in current events is the rejection of both
socialism and laissez-faire economics. It has state sponsored
technology development, and state regulation and approval of new
commodities. It has federal government corporations (FGCs) with
dual federal and private board directorships. It is literally a
fusion of capitalism and socialism. It is equally embodied by
social democrats and neoconservatives. It has Ropke's Economic
Humanism. It includes German Ordoliberalism and Cockshott and
Cottrell's computer aided high-calculation command economy as in
described in Socialist
Planning After the Collapse of the Soviet Union. It
includes the centrist positions of Chris Dodd and a soft position on
Hugo Chavez.
On the one hand these elements could be viewed innocuously as an
equidistancing between equally repugnant goals of a rapacious free
market and a totalitarian communist dictatorship. On the other
hand they could be viewed more sinisterly as an attempt to fuse the worst of both worlds into a Henry
Morgenthau dystopia of G-State consensus ripoffs. The innocuous
view is supported by prevailing literature. The sinister view is
supported by historical practice.
Testimonial
Example:
At the time of this writing, my ability to purchase a home in a
hyperinflated and burst housing market wholly depends on whether the
Federal Reserve Chairman decides to lower or not lower interest
rates. That is to say that money earned by labor, being
insufficient to purchase a house at state-sponsored FGC monopoly prices
with matching FGC loans must be gambled on "the free market" which may
be "up" or "down" depending on which way FGC head Ben Bernanke decides
to point his thumb. Ben Bernanke literally decides whether this
author will live in an apartment or a house. That is the nature
of Caesarian rule by the Middle Way. The Middle Man is final
arbiter of the Middle Way. Stirring Orwell, the Communitarian
"alternative" to the Communitarian "way" is to increase The
Community. Words fail to describe!
To bring a kook into the discussion, Ludwig von Mises and his followers
assert that there is no middle way between capitalism and communism,
that market interventions are slippery slopes and flying buttresses
formed of bricks removed from the foundation structure of the
economy. This resembles the Apocalypse of Marx and perhaps might
be lacking an unseen intervening factor such as "The Industrial
Revolution" or the "Information Revolution" or some other unseen
innovation. In any event, dialectical materialism between
objectivism and humanism should be exorcised from the discussion of
economy, and replaced with "The Philososophy of Money" by Georg
Simmel. That is my two cents.
To bring this back to Communitarianism, one thing is certain: there is an excluded middle between
individualism and collectivism, communalism or communitarianism.
If one tries to conceive of examples of rugged individualists acting as
a collective or policing body of community standards, one comes up
short on examples. Australian outback highland horsemen? American
frontiersmen? The Rough Riders? Kaczynski-ites? These are humans of the
boundary equation
of expanding civilization, not in and of themselves the basis of a peak
civilization. Egoism and altruism are not combined into a
synthesis! Altruism is a heavily inveighed, caveated, and liened subset
of egoism. The frontal cortex and the hypothalmus are not the
same sub-organ. Ayn Rand's proclamations are not needed to
morally defend the distinction, or to check the idea of "the greatest
happiness for the greatest number" Platonic state utilitarianism of
John Stuart Mill.
In fact, you would find the Randians under Yaron Brook or Leonard
Peikoff absorbed into the cluster of the PNAC side of Communitarian
ideas supporting Clean Break and Israelism, trying to insert their
Communitarian idea of The Prohibition Against Initiation of Force into
classrooms using the Fountainhead
and Ominous Parallels
essay contests and book drives, alongside the likes of David Horowitz.
That is deliberate on my part, to confound Objectivism with
Communitarianism and Neoconservatism. Randians would scream until
they are blue in the face that they are not Communitarians. But aren't they? What else would you
call a group which purports to resurrect 1700s Enlightenment and Age of
Reason ideals while supporting pre-enlightenment Jewish Tribalism,
diverting US taxes to the Mideast and nuking arabs to make to make room
for expansive Israeli "democracy?" What would you call Hercules Teams? These are examples
of standard AIPAC communitarianism,
communal enforcement related to crypto-religious kleptocracy. Nation building crap. Abe Foxman's
standards of what is "acceptable" or "unacceptable" by current
community standards of political discourse.
Imagine that I ultimately buy that house; that beth; that domain. Will I be able to use
it as I see fit within the Enlightenment Era's conception of what a
"reasonable man" might deem reasonable? Doubtful. It would
be heavily restricted
according to the principles outlined in Anti-Communitarian League
Niki Raapana's 2003 paper "Communitarian Law and European Community
Law: Individual & National Sovereignty vs the Collective Good"
where she says:
There is an emerging
social justice system based in communitarian philosophy, called
communitarian law. Communitarian law is enforced at the local,
regional, and international levels. Recorded case law for communitarian
jurisprudence rests with the European Communitarian Court of Justice.
The substitution of communitarian law in the U.S. rests with national
and locally elected lawmakers.
Every new law in the U.S. that balances individual rights against
"Community" rights is a communitarian law. This definition includes
environmental laws that infringe on property rights and the creation of
victimless "crimes" (like DUIs and mandatory safety laws, helmets, seat
belts, etc).
I am not bugging out, because on my mother in law's land in NH, use is tightly dictated, and the
owner must obtain permission before doing most things short of mowing
the lawn or drinking water from the ground. Here in
MA, we have mandatory health insurance, Click it or Ticket, and ever
tightening restriction on the possession of legal items. The
State level trend toward "common good" overruling individual good fits
inside the National trend, and the International trend. And this
is just my view from my position in Boston Massachusetts.
Even idiot protesters and their media outlets organize against the Bill
of Rights on the basis of Communitarian principles.
Raapana and Friedrich, who I discovered while writing this essay, state
in The Anti-Communitarian
Manifesto:
"The misunderstood communitarian philosophy is designed to define the
"common good," even though the U.S. Bill of Rights was specifically
designed to "protect and maintain individual rights."
I refer the reader again to the works of these authors and their site:
because they have thought this out even more than I have.